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濒临衰退:比特币能否度过第一次全球经济危机?
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经过了前段时间的暴跌,现在整个市场对比特币均产生了质疑。
但比特币自2008年为应对2008年全球金融危机而推出以来,并未出现全面衰退。
前言
比特币是对2008年全球经济衰退的回应。它引入了一种新的交易方式,无需依赖第三方(例如银行)的信任,尤其是政府以牺牲公众为代价救助的倒闭银行。
中本聪在2009年写道:“必须相信中央银行不会让货币贬值,但法定货币的历史充满了违反这种信任的情况。”
比特币的创世区块通过以下嵌入式消息总结了意图:
“泰晤士报03/Jan/2009财政大臣濒临对银行进行第二次救助。”
但是,尽管比特币让采矿区块不受影响,并且其类似黄金的属性吸引了寻求“数字黄金”的投资者,但其目前从2021年11月的69000美元高点下跌了75%,这表明它无法免受全球经济力量的影响。
同时,整个加密货币市场在同一时期损失了2.25万亿美元,暗示着该行业的大规模需求破坏。
比特币的崩盘出现在通胀上升和全球央行对此做出强硬反应的时期。值得注意的是,美联储在6月15日将基准利率提高了75个基点 (bps),以遏制5月份达到8.4%的通胀率。
此外,崩盘使BTC的趋势与技术含量高的纳斯达克综合指数的表现更加同步。2021年11月至2022年6月,美国股市指数下跌超过30%。
未来还会有更多加息
美联储主席杰罗姆鲍威尔在国会证词中指出,他们的加息将继续降低通胀,但补充说“这些变化的步伐将继续取决于即将到来的数据和不断变化的经济前景。”
此前,路透社对经济学家的调查一致认为,美联储将在7月将基准利率再上调75个基点,并将在9月加息0.5%。
总部位于伦敦的金融情报公司 Informa Global Markets指出,这为已经下滑的加密货币市场增加了更多下行潜力,并表示在美联储平息其“激进的货币政策方法”之前,它不会触底反弹。
但鉴于央行2%的通胀目标,短期内似乎不太可能转向鹰派政策。有趣的是,美联储的基金利率与消费者价格指数(CPI)之间的差距现在是有记录以来最大的。
比特币面临第一次潜在衰退
英国《金融时报》对49名受访者进行的一项调查显示,近70%的经济学家认为,由于美联储强硬,美国经济明年将陷入衰退。
回顾一下,当一个国家的经济面临国内生产总值 (GDP) 为负数,再加上失业率上升、零售额下降和制造业产出长期下降时,一个国家就会进入衰退。
值得注意的是,约38%的人预计衰退将在2023年上半年开始,而30%的人预计第三季度至第四季度也会出现同样的情况。此外,彭博社5月份进行的另一项调查显示,明年经济衰退的可能性为 30%。
鲍威尔在6月22日的新闻发布会上还指出,由于“过去几个月世界各地发生的事件”,即导致全球粮食和石油危机的乌克兰-俄罗斯战争,衰退“肯定有可能”。
这些预测有可能将比特币置于全面经济危机之前。而在通胀上升期间,它的表现并不像避险资产,这一事实增加了它与华尔街指数(主要是科技股)一起继续下跌的可能性。
与此同时,价值 400 亿美元的“算法稳定币”项目Terra 的倒闭,导致最大的加密对冲基金Three Arrow Capital的破产问题,也摧毁了整个加密行业的需求。 |
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