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什么是 L1 与 L2 扩展解决方案?
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与其他几个行业类似,加密行业也有其自身的一系列缺点。但是,这些问题中的大多数也有解决方案。例如,可扩展性一直是几个区块链的常见问题。一系列网络提出了在区块链上容纳越来越多的交易和数据的困难。这就是第1层 [L1] 和第 2 层 [L2] 解决方案的用武之地。

那么什么是 Layer-1 ?
第1层通常是指区块链或区块链的基础级别。比特币、以太坊和莱特币都是第1层区块链的示例。与之相关的解决方案通常在原始区块链本身中实现。这将包括改变机制或规则以提高交易能力。更多用户的适应以及数据在L1扩展解决方案中也是如此。
突出的L1扩展解决方案包括更改共识协议。比特币和以太坊等加密资产目前采用工作量证明 [PoW]共识机制。虽然这被吹捧为最安全的算法之一,但它有时会变慢。除此之外,它的能源消耗也被广泛忽视。因此,网络转向权益证明[PoS] 共识机制。
例如,以太坊正逐渐接近过渡到 PoS。该过程消除了对矿工的需求,并将验证器引入区块链以验证新的交易块。
另一种解决方案是分片。这个术语在以太坊社区中非常流行。加密网络一直在解决许多可扩展性问题。以太坊2.0 一直在与 Tezos、Qtum 以及 Zilliqa 合作。

尽管在区块链行业中处于相对实验阶段,但分片是一种从分布式数据库中借鉴的方法,该方法已发展成为最受欢迎的
Layer-1
扩展选项之一。为了使监控整个网络更加可行,分片涉及将整个区块链网络的状态划分为单独的数据库,称为“分片”。在此之后,分片由网络处理,以便为多个其他交易铺平道路。
第 2 层 [L2] 扩展解决方案
与 L1 不同的第 2 层解决方案在已经存在的区块链上运行。在这里,L2 通过涉及类似的架构来减轻单个区块链的负担。原始区块链基本上依赖于与主链并行工作的二级网络。比特币的 闪电网络是 L2 的一个突出例子。
第 2 层可扩展性解决方案包括状态通道、侧链和嵌套区块链。
侧链是独立的网络,与具有自己验证器的交易链相邻。这表明主链的桥接智能合约并没有独立确认侧链网络的合法性。因此,既然侧链有能力管理主链上的资产,你必须相信它运行良好。还应该注意的是,尽管侧链存在任何安全漏洞,但主链仍然不受影响。

嵌套区块链完全不同,因为它们在主链内部而不是在主链之上工作。嵌套区块链架构通常由一个核心区块链组成,该核心区块链为更大的网络建立规则,执行发生在从属链的互连网络上。主链可以作为多个区块链层的基础,每个层都利用一个父子链接。父链将任务分配给子链,子链完成它们,然后将它们传递回父链。除非必须解决分歧,否则底层基础区块链不参与子链的网络运营。
下一个是状态通道。应该注意的是,这为交易实体创造了双向沟通背景。这通常涉及区块链和链下交易渠道。在这种情况下,加密网络的交易速度和容量都会受到影响。
状态通道不受第 1 层网络节点验证的约束。相反,它是一种靠近网络的资源,使用多重签名或智能合约方法锁定。状态通道的最终“状态”和任何相关的转换在交易或一批交易完成后发布到底层区块链。
比特币闪电网络是状态通道的主要示例。
在过去的几年里,加密行业见证了无可挑剔的增长。进入该行业的投资者数量的增加迫使网络采用 L1 和 L2 解决方案以适应它们。随着大众继续探索加密货币,更多解决方案进入市场的机会很高。
今天的分享就到这里,后期会给大家带来其他赛道的龙头项目分析。感兴趣的可以点个关注。我也会不定期整理一些前沿资询和项目点评,欢迎各位志同道合的币圈人一起来探索。 来源:金色财经 |
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