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[体育] NBA球员合同
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本帖最后由 天策-凌依 于 2022-2-21 14:32 编辑
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根据最新的劳资协议,自由球员与球队签订的合同最长年限为五年(使用拉里·伯德条款为六年),年薪涨幅最高为8%(使用拉里·伯德条款为10.5%);年限超过四年(包括四年)的合同经过三个赛季后可以被延长,延长合同的第一年薪金不得高于原合同最后一年的110.5%;合同里可以包含球队选项、球员选项以及球员提前终止合约选项中的其中一项或多项附加条款。劳资协议同时规定了球员工资的上下限。2007-08赛季在NBA效力十年以上的球员将至少可以得到1,219,590美元的年薪,而首次参加NBA的球员(包括新秀)的最低年薪是427,163美元;底薪每年上涨3.5%。球员可以得到的最高工资随着NBA球龄而不同,少于六年球龄为900万与工资帽的25%中的最大值,七到九年球龄为1100万与工资帽的30%中的最大值,十年以上为1400万与工资帽的35%中的最大值。同时NBA亦规定了球员最高工资不得少于上一年工资的105%,由于薪金涨幅关系,球员可以拿到超过当年最高年薪上限的工资。如2007-08赛季全联盟薪水最高的凯文·加内特(波士顿凯尔特人)的工资是2200万美元,远远高于最高年薪上限的1838.8万美元。

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第一轮新秀的新秀合同期限为四年(后两年可选择执行或放弃),球员在第二个赛季前可以选择执行第三年的合约或成为自由球员,如果执行了,在第三个赛季前还可以选择执行第四年的合约或成为自由球员。当新秀完成四年合同后,他将成为受限制自由球员。


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十日合同(10-day Contract)是赛季中后段球队为了应付由于伤病或其它原因缺乏人手的问题与自由球员签订的临时合约,期限为十天(或三场比赛,取较大值)。一支球队与一名球员在一个赛季内只能签订两次十日合同,如果第三次签约则必须把期限延长到赛季结束,同时球队的十日合同的数量不得超过伤病名单的人数。十日合同在每年1月5日后才允许签订。


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自由球员

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自由球员(Free Agency)包括受限制和非受限制的,区别在于,当受限制自由球员(Restricted Free Agency)与新球队达成协议(新球队对球员只能提供邀请合同(Offer Sheet))的时候,如果球员原属球队在15天内开出同等价值的合同,那么将可以留住这名球员;非受限制自由球员则不受原属球队的任何约束。


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首轮新秀在完成四年的新秀合同后将自动成为受限制自由球员,而其他自由球员如果在NBA效力的时间不足三年的也是受限制的。不过,没有执行新秀合同第三或第四年选择条款的首轮新秀、或者被球队选中后放弃的新秀将成为非受限制自由球员。

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球队交易

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在NBA,薪金上限以下的球队可以任意进行球员交换,不过鉴于NBA球队的总薪金基本上都在工资帽以上,球队在交易过程中使用最多的就是交易球员特例(Traded Player Exception),另外还有底薪球员特例和伤残球员特例。按照交易球员特例,球队在即时交易(Simultaneous Trade)中转入的总年薪不得高于转出总年薪的125%+10万,可以涉及多名球员;而球队在非即时交易(Non-simultaneous Trade)中只能送出一名球员(交易筹码甚至可以不是球员),交易出现的合同差额将作为一个“交易补偿”,由转出高合同球员的球队获得,这个“补偿”可以用到同年或下一年的交易中,不过通常是跟选秀权搭配来使用,因为选秀权在交换过程中薪金价值为零。NBA还规定连续两年的首轮选秀权不能同时送出。球员在交易过程中最多可以使用300万现金,但是现金的薪金价值同样为零。

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