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反转在即 鲍威尔最关注的曲线正在发出降息信号
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短期美债收益率曲线正在警告经济衰退的风险。
周三,美联储主席鲍威尔曾强调的作为经济衰退指标的3月期和18月期的美债收益率曲线正在发出衰退的警告信号,这部分收益率曲线的息差在本月急剧下降,接近倒挂。
3月期美债收益率和18月期美债收益率的息差在3月份时约为229个基点,达到2002年以来的最大水平。在最近三次经济衰退之前,这部分收益率曲线都出现了倒挂。
在3月份,鲍威尔曾就债券市场的一个主要辩论话题——“从哪里判断美国经济衰退的可能性”发表了看法。
一些投资者一直在提醒市场注意2年期和10年期美债收益率之间迅速缩小的息差,以敲响经济衰退的警钟。但鲍威尔倾向于使用另一个收益率曲线指标,该指标当时尚未发出衰退的警告信号。
在3月,鲍威尔在全美商业经济协会回答记者问题时表示:
坦率地说,美联储的工作人员做了很好的研究,他们真的认为应该关注3月期美债收益率和18月期美债收益率的息差。这才是收益率曲线具有100%解释力的地方。
它是有意义的。因为如果它倒挂了,那就意味着美联储需要降息,意味着经济疲软。
这一息差的陡峭程度与其他收益率指标的趋平形成了鲜明对比,引发了人们对潜在经济衰退的担忧。
在2018年6月发表的一篇研究论文中,美联储经济学家 Eric Engstrom 和 Steven Sharpe 认为,这一息差在对衰退的预测能力上,比人们普遍关注的2年期与10年期美债收益率息差更强。
该指标反映了投资者对美联储在未来一年左右关键借贷成本的预期。负的息差表明,交易员预计美联储将降低借贷成本。而且由于以往决策者通常只在经济衰退即将到来时才降息,这也意味着投资者预期经济将出现下滑。
市场的确已经开始押注明年美联储的降息:从隔夜指数掉期等利率衍生品来看,投资者预计美联储周三会加息75个基点,使联邦基金利率在年底前达到3.3%的水平左右,然在明年6月前开始降息,到2024年中期将短期利率降至2.5%左右。欧洲的美元期货则显示,交易员预计美联储将在2024年底前降息。
鲍威尔还曾表示:
从2年期和10年期美债收益率之间的息差来看,很难找到一些经济理论来解释为什么这对预测经济衰退有意义的。
我们当然会关注它。我关注了,但我倾向于看短期美债收益率的息差。这只是我们关注的众多问题之一。
来源:金色财经 |
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