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[虚拟币资讯]
OceanMollu丨数字身份如何打通身份、数据、信用和资产体系
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在元宇宙中,除了数字形象外,我们每个人还会拥有自己的数字身份,数字身份将与现实身份逐步融合。数字身份不仅是数字形象,而且是每个人在元宇宙中的标志(以数字代码或区块链地址的形式),用于记录我们在元宇宙中的社会关系、活动记录、交易历史、数字贡献、财产权利、知识创意等一切信息。数字身份有点类似我们在元宇宙中的身份证号,是一种在数字世界中的通用的身份,但是又会比身份证号强大得多。数字身份是我们一切数字活动的基石,我们在元宇宙中的工作、生活、娱乐、投资、交易都会基于它来完成。因此,如果没有高度可信的数字身份体系,元宇宙中的数字社会就难以健康发展。 ' \7 y* k- t5 h0 I
数字身份需要满足三个基本特点。
7 ^+ T1 M: L' C6 {: `! h }第一,身份需要具有通用性。能够打通身份体系、数据体系、信用体系、资产体系,从而全面对接元宇宙中的各类应用。
& {! _1 l, ^1 X/ H1 F3 c# v第二,身份需要具有独立性。完全由用户掌握。授权时,用户可以自主选择授权范围,并可以随时取消授权(取消后,对方无法再使用任何个人数据)。
2 D2 j" D6 x0 Z$ i第三,身份需要具有隐私性。个人信息要实现“可验而不可得”,在授权的过程中,我们只需要告诉对方验证结果,而不需要将自己的具体信息告诉对方,在保护个人隐私的前提下更方便地使用身份和个人数据。 % `/ r% \3 s3 s2 s& J
事实上,目前我们已经可以基于区块链、非对称加密、隐私计算等技术,获得加密的、可控的、真正属于自己的数字身份。比如知名的浏览器插件钱包 Metamask(图标是一个小狐狸,因此常被称作“小狐狸钱包”),本质上就是一个基于区块链的数字身份管理器。它可以帮我们管理基于区块链的由地址与私钥两者组成的数字身份,并将数字身份和数字资产牢牢绑定在一起。此类身份具有高度的通用性,用户可以用任何支持以太坊区块链的钱包创建数字身份,并随时导入其他钱包中使用,也可以基于Metamask 使用所有的以太坊 DApp。 ! g# s; c' N0 q7 N4 \
创建一个地址与私钥两者组成的数字身份的过程大体如下。创建过程是完全去中心化的,我们在注册时不需要绑定任何邮箱或者手机号,计算机系统可随机生成一个私钥。这个私钥是我们掌握数字身份的关键。因此,这个私钥绝不能泄露,一般只保存在本机上,不会上传到互联网上。在私钥生成后,系统会根据这个私钥计算生成对应的公钥,然后进一步生成“地址”,这个地址就是我们在区块链上的公开数字身份标识。基于非对称加密技术,在身份的管理权(私钥)始终掌握在自己手中的前提下,用户可以选择授权登录哪些应用,也可以选择允许哪些应用调用个人资产和数据(在一定范围内),并且可以随时修改或者取消授权。私钥就相当于个人身份的钥匙,只有拿着钥匙的人才可以调用身份,任何其他人(哪怕是钱包的运营商)都不可能在没有私钥的前提下调用你的身份。基于区块链的数字身份除了具有通用性和独立性之外,还有另外一个关键特征,即个人数据的隐私性。这一特征为现在常见且存在隐私泄露隐患的身份验证机制提供了一种更好的替代方案。
0 T1 o5 N7 n- z; }4 q, f在元宇宙时代,隐私计算将被大规模使用,实现数字身份“可验而不可得”,充分保护个人隐私。在元宇宙时代,隐私计算将被大规模使用,实现数字身份“可验而不可得”,充分保护个人隐私。 , V. j% p; O. k& ]6 j* x- v
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