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当奈飞的NFT忘记了web2的业务安全
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奈飞 Netflix 是市值达800亿美金的视频类娱乐服务公司,在 190 多个国家/地区拥有 2.22 亿付费会员如此巨头又怎会放过web3的风口呢?
因此在近期X2earn的火热下,他也创意独裁出了个Watch to Eran
官方入口: https://lovedeathandart.com/
大概是会员在阅读影片的过程中,会随机出现一个二维码,结合用户的以太坊地址后,官方会签名信息,用户将可以得到一个signature 数值,而有了这个值,即可在netflix官方发布的NFT合约中,铸造一枚nft,如图美观度上十分不错结合上稳定的经济模型,或许又是一个跑鞋般的顶流项目!
所以一开始,大家还想冲一波会员,来慢慢watch 2 eran
然而,万万没想到,这个得到官方进行签名的过程,他竟然毫无防护!
活动开始,当web3科学家们满怀激动的心,颤抖的手来抓包想等到收到二维码的时候,赫然发现,原来扫码签名无需同web2账号进行鉴权,也无风控逻辑???
只需要构建以下的请求,将自己的以太坊地址和目标中的系列号写入
mac系统可以直接在命令行发出,window系统可以用postman等请求包构建工具,即可发出此请求。返回的信息里会有一个signature。
然后去官方合约地址
https://etherscan.io/address/0xfd43d1da000558473822302e1d44d81da2e4cc0d#writeContract
写入,随意编写个data值(合约中并未对其校验),以及对应的系列号,即可进行mint。
而且几小时后,就有同学制作一键式脚本,进一步降低操作难度。
由于此nft获取的代价太低,基本平均在当前20wei的gas成本下,截止5.20- 9点 已经有5W 次交易,大多数是mint的操作。当然出了bug后,基本后续此nft的价格不会太高,大家也就相当于参与体验玩玩
但是对于 Netflix 而言,一个可能媲美stepn的创意就在最基础的web2业务流程中被爆破了。
虽然某种意义上,这个bug的传播效果似乎完全超出了活动本身的策划。。
从安全的角度解读
web3
我们来分析下合约可以看出,其实他web3部分的合约安保措施是相对到位的。
1:属于标准设计模式,结合eip1271 的验签方式来确定白名单资格,1271是为合约进行签名所设计的,其指定的isValidSignature可以设定任意验签逻辑,如支持单签、多签、门限签名等。
如果不做这样的签名验证,则在此活动中,如何管控mint白名单就是个高成本的问题了。
因为活动本身在于激励用户持续观看,
如果积累一段时间的白名单merkle树根到链上,则用户受到激励反馈会比较长
而如果每得到一个用户,就上白名单一次,就会造成活动方的高成本
2:其次合约还会再将此钱包地址+系列号,纳入hasMinted中,防止重放,并且实现的方式是先修改权限再操作mint,也很到位。
web2
但是从web2的角度看,他获取官方签名的环节,其攻破成本几乎为0。这点可以类比传统web2上营销发行优惠券,一直都是企业的大挑战。
笔者本身从业web2业务安全风控5年,出于职业习惯,也补充下web2好用的安全防护对抗方案。
其核心是依赖于账号安全体系健全,黑灰产黑名单数据库的全面性,实时对抗策略的体系。
一个要健全的web2上营销反作弊场景保护,其需要4大环节:
1:业务风险评估 = 产品逻辑+数据埋点+埋点处理+动态埋点对抗
2:离线策略建模 = 策略研发+验证+上线评估
3:现网持续对抗 = 策略灰度+策略监控+策略迭代+动态攻防+客诉反馈+黑产情报
4:决策处置对抗 = 行为及时阻断+人机验证+身份核验
其中高度依赖黑数据质量,这是成本对抗的基础,核心有设备指纹库,IP画像库,手机画像库,账号画像库等等
最后是持续性的算法加强策略检测,比如异常检测,团伙发现,行为检测等。
总之
web2的基础不丢才有跑鞋的辉煌,web3是营销利器但也不是独立生态,长期看会与web2诸多基建共存。
附录:https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271
来源:金色财经 |
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