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什么是DeFi? + k: Q$ k6 e: c2 D" b
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DeFi,全称为Decentralized Finance,即“去中心化金融”或者“分布式金融”。“去中心化金融”,与传统中心化金融相对,指建立在开放的去中心化网络中的各类金融领域的应用,目标是建立一个多层面的金融系统,以区块链技术和密码货币为基础,重新创造并完善已有的金融体系。 7 f' D/ ?# ?' Q( v" y, s; Z
字面意思很好理解,没有什么晦涩难懂的词,一言以蔽之:区块链+金融,这也是多数人对DeFi的理解。但是如果问你DeFi的具体描述和应用落地领域,相信很多人只能说一两点。换个角度想,即使是像传统金融行为这样在生活中已经相当普及的存在,也很少有人能够给出细致准确的定义,又何况DeFi这类新兴事物?
" Z$ z; o- N2 [' G8 P: H DeFi是基于开放的去中心化平台开发的一系列金融类应用,整个业务流程是链上的交互动作。与传统金融相比,DeFi有更强的开放性和包容性:
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第一,DeFi不需要依赖任何中心化的主体来提供信用中介或者背书3 B6 P |$ w1 H; X
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第二,没有准入限制,即任何一个联网的人都可进入$ }2 P6 m. b4 f# P
2 S6 w* C- Y0 X# o( i' D7 @2 J第三,任何第三方均无法阻止任何一笔交易,也不能逆转任何一笔交易。$ Z6 Z- Z% ?! @" Y6 T/ W
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举个例子,定义中的“各类金融领域的应用”具体是指哪些?目前来讲,DeFi的业务以抵押借贷为主,这也导致了很多朋友形成了“DeFi=借贷”固有思维。DeFi是一个极具潜力的金融市场,也能形成一个相对完整闭环的生态系统。
% `- @ k5 }3 s1 R% r DeFi和实体经济无关,也和法定货币无关,更多的主要是加密货币领域的事。例如一个比特币矿工,产出比特币,需要用法定货币买矿机或者付电费雇人,一般是挖出比特币卖了,但市场行情较好的情况下可能不想卖,矿工就可以在Compound这样的应用中,进行基于比特币的超额抵押,借出稳定币换人民币,满足其支付需求。所谓稳定币是指与另一种资产(如黄金、美元、另一种加密货币等)挂钩的加密货币。尽管可能都用了一些金融工程的产品设计的方法,也涉及金融风险,也可以用上传统金融的风险分析方法,但是服务的场景、对象和目标是完全不一样的,所以它和传统金融比是完全不同的概念。- p: B6 u; P* V6 {+ {! F, O
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目前已经发展得比较好的应用形式主要有:借贷-Credit&Lending、稳定币-StableCoins、去中心化交易所-DEX、支付-payment、衍生品与预测市场-Derivative Protocols/Prediction Markets等。发展较好的这几个应用领域里的项目自然热度也高,目前来说很多已经有了十倍以上的涨幅,短期内需要注意回调风险。这里我们需要做的就是寻找主流应用领域外其他应用领域里还没爆发或者涨幅较小的项目,提前埋伏布局。数字化资产-NFT、预言机-Oracle等等都是不错的选择方向。 |
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$ R$ _" ^) \4 [1 t( o' g1 y0 A9 v
有的时候没办法总是要学习的 |
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