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体育博彩集团操纵比赛 21世纪裁判频繁出事的根源
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9 f9 B. |9 @- s[tr][td]近年,无孔不入的足球Dubo也成为裁判们频频出事的重要源头。随着足球的发展,体育博彩的方式也在不断翻新。从最简单的赌胜、平、负,到让球盘、进球数,现在已经发展到赌开球、红黄牌数、犯规次数等等。相比之下,后发展起来的项目因为更容易被裁判操控,博彩公司也更愿意把钱花在裁判身上。
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% F1 |5 B4 y( i1 Y& k$ e  O“控制开球4万美元,这是国际标准。”一位国际足坛圈内人透露。而2004年被逮捕的德国裁判霍伊泽交代了其中更细微的奥妙,“硬币都是正反面,将它抛到空中后按在手中,裁判从手感上就知道究竟是哪一面。一般赌开球,比赛前10分钟左右就不再接受下注,这时庄家就会通知主裁判由谁来开球。而裁判只需要直接把手打开,或者翻一面打开,就可以达到控制由谁开球的目的。”从2005-2006赛季开始,德甲联赛规定,裁判在挑开球时,抛向空中的硬币只能自然掉到草皮上,不能再经过裁判的手。, A. Z  V3 N/ E; `5 Q4 y; ^7 @
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霍伊泽14岁开始接触裁判工作,他于2002年成为德国足协注册裁判以来,执法了4场德国杯和12场德乙联赛。他在多场比赛中存在作假行为,而让他“一战成名”的是2004-2005赛季德国杯首轮比赛,在霍伊泽的操纵下,甲级劲旅汉堡2比4败于丙级的帕德伯恩。此后,德国足协接到举报,有人下了重金押帕德伯恩获胜。霍伊泽因参与操纵比赛锒铛入狱,由此也引发了德国足坛声势浩大的反黑运动。
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, D7 a8 A( G2 h( R6 H* w控制红、黄牌数对裁判来说更是易如反掌。“很多犯规都属于可给可不给牌的,给与不给,就是从博彩公司收钱的副业。”那位国际足坛圈内人表示。按照通行的标准,完成红、黄牌任务,一般的“劳务费”是8万美元。
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7 X' z; j: m: x0 i1 M5 z在去年南非世界杯期间,为了防止Dubo集团通过“美女、金钱、生命威胁”等方式收买或操纵球员、裁判,国际足联绞尽脑汁。往届世界杯,国际足联对执法裁判实行了半军事化的管理,几乎24小时派人“盯”住裁判们的一举一动。比赛期间,裁判不能直接接听从外面打进来的电话。此外,国际足联单独成立了一家名叫“早期预警系统”的公司,对全球各大Dubo公司进行监控,力图将Dubo集团对世界杯的影响控制到最小。不过,国际足联的这些努力,并没有使人们相信这些措施是绝对有效的。德国北威州波鸿警方称,仅2009年度,欧洲足坛至少有200场比赛中有球员、教练和裁判等人员涉嫌收受金钱贿赂操控比赛。  m! ]! Q' V7 n5 Y. ^8 V; Y
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更可怕的是,媒体对这些假球、体育博彩事件的报道,让原本没有参与其中的裁判深受其害。在场上此起彼伏的“假球”、“黑哨”声让裁判们步履维艰,一次简单的判罚都会成为媒体攻击的焦点,而原本不可避免的错判更是会让裁判成为球迷攻击的靶子。[/td][/tr]6 Y) c9 r2 P! r+ k' d1 H
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