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稳定币有哪些种类?
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5 T! M- M# m A v0 F$ z稳定币有许多种类,底下以较常见的4种类型:
: z$ n! q& v1 P) p; L1 _- 法币稳定币
- 加密稳定币
- 商品稳定币
- 演算法稳定
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一,法币稳定币
. I8 Q' B% d) F- d! u! P' p# c这是最受欢迎的一种稳定币,直接与法币挂钩,也可称为法币抵押稳定币(Fiat-backed stablecoins),比例为1:1的稳定币,代表1个稳定币就等于1个货币单位(例如1美元),所以每个稳定币的存在,都有真实的法币被存放在银行帐户中。4 {( n0 A' `, K/ c# p8 i
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当有人想用他们的稳定币兑换现金时,管理稳定币的实体者就会从储备中取出一定数量的法币,送到这个人的银行帐户中,然后等价的稳定币就会被销毁。
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例如:发行者可能持有100万美元,并分发100万个代币,每个代币价值1美元,用户可以像使用代币或加密货币自由交易这些代币,并且在任何时候,持有者都可以将其兑换成等值的美元。
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法币稳定币是稳定币裡结构最简单的,对于任何一个刚接触加密货币的人来说都很容易理解,只要这个稳定币所挂钩的国家经济稳定,就能保证币值不会波动,这意味著即使整个加密货币经济崩溃、比特币跌到0美元,也完全不会影响到法币稳定币。
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, i4 \ M; v! r# w0 \ \法币稳定币的例子:USDT、USDC, J, v; D$ x" H; R$ G" K- ~$ k6 I( p
, k; o' U, y* w+ o8 l) o; |) {9 V8 ^二,加密货币担保稳定币
: _4 ~" c2 ]9 o1 N8 h加密货币担保稳定币类似于法定稳定币,不同之处在于它的基础抵押品是另一种加密货币,而不是现实世界中的有形商品或法定货币。4 T" m" T4 t- d, j' r; m- \5 ~
7 {( \3 A5 C$ G. ^- _' r5 }加密货币担保稳定币的使用者会将加密货币锁定在发行代币的智慧合约中,合约会发行代币,之后如果拿回自己的抵押品(加密货币),就要将稳定币支付回同一个合约中(并支付利息)。
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2 H/ z8 |; M% W: ]" E5 P1 o0 I: M5 D简单来说,它和法币稳定币的差异在于,它背后的保证金使用的是另一个加密货币当抵押品,它的风险也很明确,就是抵押品的价值波动可能很剧烈。+ \: a! }6 C' G0 D# e
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加密货币担保稳定币 例子:DAI4 e/ Y- F' k$ }0 v: o6 `8 ]$ c
6 }; D, d3 u' E; X) g' K& P- O三,商品稳定币
$ W* T/ e3 X5 u% |9 H G+ {' k商品稳定币是用其他种类的可交换资产来挂钩,最常见的商品是黄金,也可以是银、铜、铂,也有以原油、天然气和各种贵金属商品原物料当成抵押品的稳定币。
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4 {8 q$ i5 _! v# _8 ?/ \# V* D这个种类的稳定币会持有实际价值的有形资产,这是大多数加密货币不具备的,这些大宗商品甚至有可能随著时间的推移而升值,也连带提升稳定币价值。
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, s V; G7 e$ w# I7 k' `% Z商品稳定币例子:DGX
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. k6 y2 d' m- m四,演算法稳定币
; M& ]( o7 H$ J" g3 | ]1 D( j9 G演算法稳定币是利用演算法来控制稳定币的币量(控制货币发行量),透过演算法、智慧合约来管理发行代币的供应,从功能上看,这种货币政策密切反映了中央银行用于管理国家货币的政策,如果价格低于其追踪的法币价格,演算法稳定币系统将减少代币供应;如果价格超过了法币的价值,新的代币就会进入流通,以减少稳定币的价值。7 O a8 p4 o U) p$ F6 H6 a1 G1 d* n
. i7 g# j* f f2 S& v它最大好处在于维护成本低,无须担保品是优点也是缺点,毕竟我相信大多数人会更愿意相信其他有担保品的稳定币类型。
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+ T5 y/ J9 N. p: S它的缺点也在于演算法调整并非万能,稳定币可能还是会有不稳定的时机,短时间会出现些价格峰值(例如价值是1元,但某些时机可能会涨到2~3元或跌到0.5元)。, E5 j/ `! F2 p1 p3 G
C, z! p2 B% f" a1 ~. t由于演算法稳定币我觉得和前面几种比起来觉得比较投机取巧(好吧,可能我不懂这技术),在其他稳定币存在的情况我想不会需要用到演算法稳定币,所以就不列出例子了。
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