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衰退——或者政治家所说的“R”字——如今在每个人的谈话中都出现了,而且有充分的理由。
今天的国内生产总值报告显示,美国经济连续第二个季度萎缩,如果你在宏观经济学课上密切关注,你0可能会开始恐慌。
许多研究经济的学生在某个时候了解到,“连续两个季度下降”等同于衰退的定义。但这取决于被问到的人。而现在,如果你听政策制定者的话,他们会指出一个完全不同的标准。
大多数分析师和美国官员在确定经济周期的时间时都遵从国家经济研究局(NBER) 的意见,它表示,经济衰退不仅仅由 GDP 来定义。
NBER 表示,经济衰退是“经济活动的显着下降,它遍布整个经济体,并且持续数月以上”。固有的主观性为包括美联储在内的政策制定者提供了急需的回旋余地——这与易于分类的“两个季度”的定义截然不同。
“这很容易理解,它是非黑即白的,”布鲁金斯学会经济研究高级研究员、前华尔街日报经济编辑大卫韦塞尔说。“NBER 的定义有点糊涂,这是有充分理由的,因为有很多因素。”
韦塞尔说,NBER 成立于 1978 年,从历史上看,“GDP 连续两个季度下降”是唯一存在的定义。
GDP 可以表明经济状况,但数字经常会被修正,随着时间的推移,平均修正为 1.5%。这就是为什么 NBER 的方法可以提供更有用的评估,尽管在大多数情况下,“两个季度”标准仍然有效。
“今年第一季度产出端和收入端的差距特别大,这导致一些人认为第一季度GDP可能会被修正,实际上可能不会是负数,”韦塞尔说。 .
美国财政部的两名助理部长本周在网上发表了一篇长文,列出了他们所谓的“大量证据”,表明“经济目前并未陷入衰退”,即使 GDP 连续两个季度收缩。
福克斯新闻的一名记者本周问白宫发言人,为什么“我们都理解衰退是连续两个季度的 GDP 负增长”,而乔·拜登总统的政府却“试图重新定义‘衰退’” 。(“这不是定义,”发言人说。)
同样,在本周的新闻发布会上,有记者询问美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔,如果第二季度 GDP 下降,他是否会认为美国经济陷入衰退。
“美联储不会对此做出判断,”鲍威尔说。“不过,如果你想想真正的衰退是什么,它是许多行业的广泛衰退,持续了两个多月,其中有很多具体的测试。而这看起来不像那样。”
周四早些时候,财政部长珍妮特耶伦重申了鲍威尔的观点,称应该“避免”关于该国是否处于衰退的“语义战”,衰退是“经济的广泛削弱”,并且“这不是我们现在看到的。”
这对比特币意味着什么?
对于加密货币,尤其是比特币的交易者来说,问题是:此时美国是否处于经济衰退中是否重要?
答案很可能是否定的。
数字资产管理公司 Arca Funds 的首席投资官 Jeff Dorman 表示:“我们正在慢慢地了解到比特币不是‘价值储存’,而是‘超额价值储存’。“无论我们是否在经济衰退无关紧要。”
Dorman 表示,商业信心和支出下降以及商业收入下降导致的负财富导致对比特币的需求减少,但从结构的角度来看,按市值计算的最大加密货币并未受到影响。
他说:“面对对法定货币的信心下降,比特币只是一种未来的看涨期权,比特币被用作实际货币。” |
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