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如果说2021年科技领域的热词是“元宇宙”，那么今年的席位大概率会留给“Web3”，一时之间，各种科普、分析、展望、质疑纷至而来，这个名词成为了当之无愧的流量密码。
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) v/ k+ t. P0 v那，什么是Web3？
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7 q/ o% {. Q% v- S. `在各种各样的观点里，虽然大家对Web3的定义不尽相同，但有一个共识是，Web3能够让用户对自己的数据拥有所有权和自主权，而这也是推动 Web2 向 Web3 进化的关键因素。 + I1 w6 G3 s2 [5 V6 ~
. L" \% O9 M; K( P. Q再简单一点来说，Web1=读，Web2=读+写，Web3=读+写+拥有。 / @2 b6 M. @! A
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- A1 }. E/ U: r6 Z% A' _9 g随着我们的生活与工作逐渐被数字化，未来人类活动将越来越多的以数据流呈现，数据的权利与归属就显得尤为重要。 . q3 z# p$ A9 i+ d& G Y3 `
6 X( x/ a A9 {' n2 p* `那Web3是如何重塑数据的权利与归属呢？ 6 F+ E6 ~, X+ B/ v5 T
. [2 c5 `, b4 ~! t& F0 M
主要是通过三个方面： # f% N4 @2 _* k+ O5 R9 J
0 R6 s1 O/ [' h; F1.让数据公开透明且不可篡改
* K# \; q+ q; N! Z" [
: ~! U" q" P. f1 ~+ w Q在Web2中，应用通过提供免费服务来获取用户的数据，再垄断这些数据进行牟利，并不断拓宽自己的商业版图。 : a; i. c- @) s2 p1 N+ H
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用户数据存储在应用的中心化服务器上，应用对用户数据具有绝对的所有权，外界无法访问，无从知道用户的数据是否被储存或篡改，以何种方式被储存，一旦遭遇黑客攻击或应用主动结束服务，那用户数据就会化为乌有。 ' X! a+ C' d5 H I8 R9 p) A1 n, ?1 w
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但在Web3中，以区块链作为底层技术，链上数据实现了公开、透明及不可篡改，用户数据不用担心遗失和篡改。
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2.打破数据孤岛，提升互操作性 % R. }& F' t; q$ s3 {
% b" F, i5 N' l" T
在Web2中，每当我们要使用一个新的应用时，都要不厌其烦地进行账号注册，这就是Web2数据孤岛最直观的表现。因为每个应用的数据库是相互独立的，所以每进入一个新的应用就需要重新注册账号。
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此外，用户的行为数据也被碎片化的掌握在不同应用中，无法进行跨平台整合。 7 P8 J4 F' D3 C0 Z; G( c; y+ p
+ {$ t( ~+ k7 n' y" b
但在Web3中，用户只需要一个地址就可以访问和使用各类去中心化应用，并且各个去中心化应用是互通的，这个地址上的每一笔交互都会被组合起来，不需要应用许可。
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( g* L1 o; B G% G% I t3.通过代币经济实现更好的价值分配 6 L9 f! p$ \0 n: p) P& q
- S! A% `5 p: C8 v+ m J$ [在Web3中，还需考虑的一个重要问题就是数据创造的价值如何分配给创造数据的个体。 , ]8 L) f2 C+ G$ m5 P) Z
e3 K' `# {) ^ W( u6 ~而如今不断演进的代币经济就可能是实现价值分配的核心手段，通过代币经济来实现更好的价值分配。
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在Web3中，用户产生的数据都可能会获得代币奖励。相信曾经在各类空投中收益的用户应该有非常直观的感受。
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5 R$ x4 ~/ Y0 N' i* X! ~& H我们在参与空投项目时，项目方一般会要求链接钱包、关注发布推特、进行页面交互等操作，完成这一系列操作并且项目方审核通过后，就会给予代币奖励。 2 l. Z1 A) F+ W+ ]; F* @; U. W
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虽然关于未来Web3如何实现多久实现还是未知数，但是值得肯定的是在数据化的未来中，必将有Web3的一席之地。 5 a, {) {+ ]- O
9 ]0 M( D# {" s8 c! m以上。
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9 b8 |6 \# l1 @2 R6 W9 l" u来源：金色财经 |
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