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如何看待以太坊“以 Rollup 为中心”的未来?
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Rollups解决方案必须优先考虑降低执行成本、跨层互操作性和用户隐私。 关键要点 为了缓解当前的可扩展性问题,以太坊正在转向一个「以 Rollup 为中心的路线图」,将最佳的链上和链下扩容方案结合起来。 以太坊的链上扩容方案 danksharding 为 Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups 等 L2 (第二层) 扩容方案的蓬勃发展提供了充足的数据空间。 Optimistic Rollups 和 ZK-Rollups 都有其缺点:大多数 Optimistic Rollups 都存在层与层之间漫长的取款等待期;而 ZK-Rollups 往往要进行大量的计算,无法提供无缝的可组合性。 为了使得以 Rollup 为中心的未来保持可行性,Rollups 解决方案必须优先考虑降低执行成本、跨层互操作性和用户隐私。
可扩展性是在最小化 (交易) 成本和不牺牲区块链网络的去中心化和安全性的同时增加网络的速度和吞吐量的方法。以太坊目前无法扩展。在过去的两年里,随着用户数量的增加,以太坊的交易成本飙升,使得日常投资者几乎无法承担使用该网络的成本。 以太坊进行扩容有两个核心选择:链上扩容和链下扩容。与「The Merge」(合并) 相结合,以太坊团队正在引入一种名为「danksharding」的新分片设计,从而引入链上扩容解决方案。这些变化预计将在未来几个月的某个时候发生。 链下扩容来自于位于现有区块链之上的替代协议,不需要更改当前的以太坊 L1 协议。L2 扩容方案通过在链下处理所有交易验证,同时从以太坊主网获得安全性。当前最知名的 L2 扩容方案是 Rollups。 在为「合并」做准备的同时,以太坊正在转向「以 Rollup 为中心的路线图」。它计划结合最好的链上和链下扩容方案。 01. Rollups 简要指南 Rollups 是该领域中最突出的 L2 扩容解决方案。我们可以根据其交易验证和数据存储方法对 Rollups 进行分类。所有 Rollups 都是将大量链下交易数据聚合成批量,并在达成共识时将结果发布至以太坊主网。 1) Optimistic Rollups Optimistic Rollups 网络,比如 Arbitrum 或 Optimism,假定所有交易从一开始就是有效的。为了确保这些交易的安全,Optimistic Rollups 网络提供了一个挑战期 (challenge period),网络验证者可以通过父链 (比如以太坊) 上的一个欺诈证明 (fraud proof) |
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